Some valid concerns exist regarding the relationship between indoor mold exposure and human disease. We discuss the Cleveland infant idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage reports in detail, since they provided important impetus for concerns about Stachybotrys. We also examine possible end-organ effects, including pulmonary, immunologic, neurologic, and oncologic disorders. Here, we review the evidence regarding indoor mold exposure and mycotoxicosis, with an emphasis on S. While many authors describe a direct relationship between fungal contamination and illness, close examination of the literature reveals a confusing picture. Recently, there have been reports of severe illness as a result of indoor mold exposure, particularly due to Stachybotrys chartarum. This has caused concern regarding health effects of moldy indoor environments and has resulted in many studies of moisture- and mold-damaged buildings. Damp buildings often have a moldy smell or obvious mold growth some molds are human pathogens.
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